What are Operators?

Operators in Java are **symbols** that perform operations on variables and values. Java has different types of operators for various computations.

Types of Operators in Java

Java supports the following types of operators:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational (Comparison) Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Unary Operators
• Ternary Operator

1. Arithmetic Operators

These operators perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Example:

public class ArithmeticExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10, b = 5;
        System.out.println("Addition: " + (a + b));
        System.out.println("Subtraction: " + (a - b));
        System.out.println("Multiplication: " + (a * b));
        System.out.println("Division: " + (a / b));
        System.out.println("Modulus: " + (a % b));
    }
}

2. Relational (Comparison) Operators

These operators compare values and return **true** or **false**.

Example:

public class RelationalExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int x = 10, y = 5;
        System.out.println(x > y);  // true
        System.out.println(x < y);  // false
        System.out.println(x == y); // false
        System.out.println(x != y); // true
    }
}

3. Logical Operators

These operators are used to combine **boolean** expressions.

Example:

public class LogicalExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        boolean a = true, b = false;
        System.out.println(a && b); // false
        System.out.println(a || b); // true
        System.out.println(!a);     // false
    }
}

4. Bitwise Operators

These operators perform bit-level operations.

Example:

public class BitwiseExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 5, b = 3;
        System.out.println(a & b);  // 1 (AND)
        System.out.println(a | b);  // 7 (OR)
        System.out.println(a ^ b);  // 6 (XOR)
    }
}

5. Assignment Operators

Used to assign values to variables.

Example:

public class AssignmentExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int x = 10;
        x += 5; // Same as x = x + 5
        System.out.println(x); // 15
    }
}

6. Unary Operators

These work on a single operand.

Example:

public class UnaryExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int num = 5;
        System.out.println(++num); // 6 (Pre-increment)
        System.out.println(num--); // 6 (Post-decrement)
    }
}

7. Ternary Operator

Shorthand for if-else conditions.

Example:

public class TernaryExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10, b = 20;
        int min = (a < b) ? a : b;
        System.out.println("Smaller number: " + min);
    }
}

Conclusion

Operators are essential for performing various operations in Java. Understanding them helps in writing efficient code.

📌 Next Topic: Control Statements in Java